Neither. It is a test of how well the observed values agree with those predicted by the null hypothesis - whatever that might be.
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The Chi-squared statistic can be used to test for association.
For goodness of fit test using Chisquare test, Expected frequency = Total number of observations * theoretical probability specified or Expected frequency = Total number of observations / Number of categories if theoretical frequencies are not given. For contingency tables (test for independence) Expected frequency = (Row total * Column total) / Grand total for each cell
yes it is
what is the relationship between chest circumference and lung function test
Yes.