531 is a composite number. A Prime number has only 2 factors which are 1 and itself. Composite numbers are everything else except 1 and 0. 1 and 0 are neither prime, nor composite.
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37 is prime, 42 is composite.
No. If the number has one factor (other than 1 and itself) it is a composite. However, to establish that a number is prime it needs to be checked for divisibility by each prime number up to the square root of the number. If the only factor found is 1, then it is a prime.
15 and 30 are both composite numbers because each has more factors than 1 and the number itself.
Neither 15 nor 24 are prime numbers. Each has more factors than 1 and the number itself.