Not all numbers are either prime or composite. The number 1/2 is neither prime nor composite. If you are referring only to the natural or counting numbers, note that every natural number is equal to the product of itself and 1 so each number has at least one divisor, itself. If it has no more divisors, then it is prime. If it has more than itself as a divisor, then it is composite.
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The numbers 0 and 1; all negatives; all decimals; and all fractions are neither prime nor composite.
All even numbers greater than two are composite.
38 is a composite number because composite numbers are numbers that have more than 1 and themselves as factors. 1x38 is not the only solution, so it isn't prime. One solution for this could be 2x19
Zero is composite because it has all the real numbers as factors.
All of them except for 31, 37, 41, 43 and 47 which are prime numbers.