Not at all. The set may be defined in a way that makes this impossible. Consider the following set: "The set of all exceptions to Goldbach's Conjecture". It isn't known whether there areany exceptions. If there aren't, the set is empty. If there are exceptions, the set will have some elements - but we simply don't know. Assuming that one day the Goldbach Conjecture will be proved (or disproved), there will still be other conjectures in Number Theory that can never be proved or disproved, and a similar set can be defined for one of those.
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No. If the cardinality of a finite set is N, then that of its power set is 2N. These cannot be equal for any non-negative integer N.
The cardinality of a finite set is the number of elements in the set. The cardinality of infinite sets is infinity but - if you really want to go into it - reflects a measure of the degree of...
It is not possible to answer the question without information about the set B.All that can be said is that if set B has n elements, that is, if the cardinality if B is n, then there are 2n possible subsets of B.
00 is not a set but the number zero written as a 2-digit number. The set {00} has cardinality 1.
Assuming no restrictions on the set, the cardinality of a set, n, is related in this form # of subsets = 2n