Yes and no.
Each median divides the triangle into two such that for any point on the median, the mass on one side is balanced by the mass on the other. But the mass ahead of that point may or may not balance the mass behind.
It is the point of intersection of the medians - the centroid - which is the centre of mass or centre of balance of the triangle.
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It depends on what you mean by a centre. The most likely answer is a median.
The median of a triangle cannot be considered as a base of that triangle.
Each median divides the area of a triangle into halves.
This is true. The answer is obvious if you think about it the following way: an equilateral triangle has three equal sides, and every point on the circumference of a circle is the same distance from the center of the circle. Therefore, it is safe to assume that the circle will touch the midpoint of each side of the triangle. It also means that the center of the circle will be in the center of the triangle. Therefore, the radius of the circle will travel from the center of the triangle to the midpoint of one of the sides. This will cover the distance of half the triangle's median.
Yes, the median of a triangle is from a vertex to the midpoint of the side opposite the vertex.