Variable costs are not independent of volume; they fluctuate directly with the level of production or sales. As production increases, variable costs rise because they are incurred for each unit produced, such as materials and labor. However, while the total variable costs change with volume, the cost per unit remains constant. Thus, variable costs are volume-dependent but consistent on a per-unit basis.
pressure
Yes, an independent/dependant relationship to two things would be heat/volume when working with gas. The volume of object increases as an object gets hotter however an object does not get hotter if the volume increases therefore the volume is dependant on the heat, this makes the volume the dependant variable. Therefore the heat has to be the independent variable.
Assuming that the questioner meant "experiment" where "experince"* was written, the volume of gas is the dependent variable and temperature is the independent variable.*The French word for "experiment" is "experience".
VolumeThe independent variable is the one you determine, and the dependent variable is the one you measure. In this case, you choose the temperature, and measure the volume.
Charles law is the law that states that at a constant pressure, the warmer a gas gets, the more volume it takes up and less dense it is.