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No, fair means everyone gets what they need, equal means everyone is treated the same...is that fair?
To share 4 pies equally among 6 neighbors, each neighbor would receive an equal portion of the total pies. Since there are 4 pies and 6 neighbors, each neighbor would get ( \frac{4 \text{ pies}}{6 \text{ neighbors}} = \frac{2}{3} ) of a pie. Thus, each neighbor would receive two-thirds of a pie to ensure everyone gets an equal share.
Variance is basically the raw material of statistics. If you don't have variance (differences in scores) you don't have much to work with or for that matter you don't have much to talk or think about. Consider a test where everyone gets the same score. What does that tell you? You might have some measurement problem, wherein the test is so easy everyone aces it. Still it might be so hard that everyone gets a zero. Now consider two tests. On each everyone gets the same score. That is on test one everyone gets a 15 and on the second test everyone gets a 10. That isn't telling you much is it? Now these are extreme cases, but in general, more variance is better and less variance isn't so good.
Gain should be distributed in the ratio of 12:8 ie 3:2 so A gets 3/5 ie R180 and B gets R120.
Well, isn't that a happy little question! If you have 2 pounds of something and you want to divide it into 5 equal parts, you would have 0.4 pounds in each part. Just imagine those little portions, each one being just the right size for sharing with friends or enjoying all to yourself. It's a beautiful way to divide things up and make sure everyone gets a fair share.