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Pythagoras was an ancient philosopher that attributed most of his work to Plato. He however, never went to jail.
Pythagoras was a Greek mathematician and philosopher who lived in the 6th century BCE. He is most well-known for his theorem, known as the Pythagorean Theorem, which states that in a right-angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. Pythagoras founded a philosophical and religious school in ancient Greece known as the Pythagorean School. The school was known for its emphasis on mathematics, music, and the idea that numbers were the key to understanding the universe. Pythagoras and his followers believed in the concept of the harmony of the spheres, which linked mathematical ratios to the movement of planets and celestial bodies.
Pythagoras was the most pivotal mathematician in the area of trigonometry. His pythagoras theorem literally redefined the way people studied right angled triangles.
The German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss described mathematics one correctly as the quenn of all sciences. The German philosopher Immanuel Kant once remarked that one can only call a discipline a science as long as there is mathematics in it. Mathematics is the most basic science, because every other science (physics, chemistry, biology, geology, computer science) uses mathematical theorems to answer questions in this science. Mathematics does not depend on any other science. Mathematicians do mathematics for the sake of mathematics. That is why mathematics is the most fundamental science.
Two of the most important numbers in advanced mathematics are pi and e and both are irrational.