Constants are numerical values which are fixed but which may or may not be known. Variables are also numerical but may take a range of values.
If a variable appears in an equation or inequality), it may be possible to solve the equation to ascertain the value of the variable.
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Variables change, constants do not.
Variables in a math problem vary or change. If in an equation, different variables change values depending on constants, evanuations, etc. For example: in y = x + 2, y can be any number as long as x is that number plus two. The varibles in this equation change value but are defined by the equation.
Constants in the sense you mean are different to mathematical constants. They usually refer to a system in which two values are proportionate and so are of the units associated with the system.
Constants are fixed numbers that never change, they always stay the same. Variables are number that can change, they 'Vary'.
varibles