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A positive externality occurs when an activity benefits third parties who are not directly involved in the transaction, such as when a homeowner's garden enhances neighborhood aesthetics, benefiting neighbors. Conversely, a negative externality arises when an activity imposes costs on third parties, like pollution from a factory impacting local residents' health. Both externalities highlight the broader social impacts of economic activities that aren't reflected in market prices. Addressing these externalities often requires government intervention or policy adjustments.

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1w ago

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