The parallels of latitude and the meridians of longitude are all straight lines on the
Mercator projection. That's why Greenland looks bigger than South America.
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That's true of the Mercator projection, among others.
Two straight lines that remain equal distance apart are parallel lines.
A polygon.
It will roll around. To make a flat map from a round globe, a projection is used. In making the projection not all measures can be preserved and so distances will be stretched for some areas, and straight lines on the projection will correspond to curved lines on the globe. There are different projections that can be used which try to minimise the effect on different measures.
an intersection