The earth is divided into the Northern and Southern hemispheres by the equator. It is divided into the Eastern and Western hemispheres by the Greenwich meridian and the 180 degree longitude. These then form the NE, NW, SE and SW quadrants.
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They are called "quadrants".
The Cartesian plane is divided into 4 quadrants
There are 4 quadrants in a circle
there are 4 quadrants in a coordinate grid (=
Quadrants 2 and 3 have negative X values.