It is one on the "index laws".
(price of commodity in the given year/ price of the commodity in preceding year) * 100
ndex numbers are basically economic data figures that reflect the price or quantity compared with standard or base value. It is normally expressed as 100 times the ratio of the base value that equals 100. Index numbers are very important for economic analysis. They summarize movements in a group of related variables. The consumer Price index is one of the most commonly used form of index number. It measures the changes in the retail prices.
Index numbers are usually expressed by setting some selected value as 100 and converting all other numbers to an index relative to that base.So, for a simple index, if the value y(0) is set to 100, then the index for the value y(k) is y(k)/y(0)*100.The calculations become more complicated if the index is for a collection of items. In such cases, a number of different "sub-indices" need to be combined together. The combined index is calculated as a weighted average of the component sub-indices, with the weights based on the importance of each su-index in the base period (base-weighted) or in the current period (current-weighted).
what are the problems associated with the construction of index numbers
Well, the term is used in a lot of industries, so there is going to be a difference depending on whether you are looking for a fixed-base operator, a fixed-base method, a fixed-base index, or a fixed-base router. However, without using fixed base an an adjective, the definition in general could be "a foundation that does not move." Of course a base can be a place or platform (as well as other definitions) and fixed can mean more than staying in one place... like repaired. So, it depends on the context, but that is the best generic definition you can do with only that context.
A base period for an index number serves as the reference point for comparison with other periods. It is typically assigned a value of 100 for simplicity in calculations. The base period allows for tracking changes in the index over time relative to a fixed point.
limitations of index numbers 1.there may be errors in choice of base period or quantities. 2.may give misleading conclusions if choice of the representatives is not done properly
It is one on the "index laws".
Both Nationwide and Aviva provide fixed index annuities and these are indeed fixed, and do not vary with inflation. Although some would say that fixed index annuities are hedging your bets, in today's economic climate it would be seen as sound.
Index numbers are usually expressed by setting some selected value as 100 and converting all other numbers to an index relative to that base.So, for a simple index, if the value y(0) is set to 100, then the index for the value y(k) is y(k)/y(0)*100.The calculations become more complicated if the index is for a collection of items. In such cases, a number of different "sub-indices" need to be combined together. The combined index is calculated as a weighted average of the component sub-indices, with the weights based on the importance of each su-index in the base period (base-weighted) or in the current period (current-weighted).
BSE-500 index is a cap-weighted index that represents nearly 85% of the total market capitalisation on the Bombay Stock Exchange. This index represents all 20 major industries of the economy. 1998-99 is chosen as the base year, and within this, the date February 1, 1999 is selected as the base date for its proximity to the current period. The base value was fixed at 1000 points.
First take a base year. It has to be a normal year when no natural calamity took place and the value decided to all the goods is 100. Changes in the prices are measured as a percentage of the base year prices and then index numbers have to be calculated according to the changes. The answer to the current year is measured with the base year. The increase in the answer of the current year is the inflation rate.
(price of commodity in the given year/ price of the commodity in preceding year) * 100
ndex numbers are basically economic data figures that reflect the price or quantity compared with standard or base value. It is normally expressed as 100 times the ratio of the base value that equals 100. Index numbers are very important for economic analysis. They summarize movements in a group of related variables. The consumer Price index is one of the most commonly used form of index number. It measures the changes in the retail prices.
disadvantages of index numbers
convert the following series of index number to chain based indices Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Index number (base 2003) 100 110 125 133 149 139 150 165