in this a normal year of the recent past is taken as the basse year n the prices of current year are compared with the prices of the same items of base year.
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It is one on the "index laws".
(price of commodity in the given year/ price of the commodity in preceding year) * 100
ndex numbers are basically economic data figures that reflect the price or quantity compared with standard or base value. It is normally expressed as 100 times the ratio of the base value that equals 100. Index numbers are very important for economic analysis. They summarize movements in a group of related variables. The consumer Price index is one of the most commonly used form of index number. It measures the changes in the retail prices.
Index numbers are usually expressed by setting some selected value as 100 and converting all other numbers to an index relative to that base.So, for a simple index, if the value y(0) is set to 100, then the index for the value y(k) is y(k)/y(0)*100.The calculations become more complicated if the index is for a collection of items. In such cases, a number of different "sub-indices" need to be combined together. The combined index is calculated as a weighted average of the component sub-indices, with the weights based on the importance of each su-index in the base period (base-weighted) or in the current period (current-weighted).
what are the problems associated with the construction of index numbers