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Linear functions can be represented by a straight line in space. One way to define a straight line uniquely is to use its slope (or direction vector) and any one point on the line.
There are infinitely many types of functions. For example: Discrete function, Continuous functions, Differentiable functions, Monotonic functions, Odd functions, Even functions, Invertible functions. Another way of classifying them gives: Logarithmic functions, Inverse functions, Algebraic functions, Trigonometric functions, Exponential functions, Hyperbolic functions.
Typically, functions are graphed on x-y coordinates. A function of x means that for every x point, there must be a single y point. You can also many properties by graphing a function, such as the minimum and maximum points, slopes and inflection points, and the inverse of the function (y values plotted on x coordinate, and x values on y coordinate).
Such functions are defined as one polynomial divided by another polynomial. Their properties include that they are defined at all points, except when the denominator is zero. Also, such functions are continuous at all points where they are defined; and all their derivatives exist at any point where they are defined.For more details, I suggest you read the Wikipedia article - or some other source - on "Rational function".
The values of f and g are equal at each point in the domainThe domains of f and g are equal