The properties of a subgroup would include the identity of the subgroup being the identity of the group and the inverse of an element of the subgroup would be the same in the group. The intersection of two subgroups would be a separate group in the system.
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Yes, every subgroup of a cyclic group is cyclic because every subgroup is a group.
In mathematics, a subgroup H of a group G is a subset of G which is also a group with respect to the same group operation * defined on G. H contains the identity element of G, is closed with respect to *, and all elements of H have their inverses in H as well.
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No! Take the quaternion group Q_8.
Lagrange theorem states that the order of any subgroup of a group G must divide order of the group G. If order p of the group G is prime the only divisors are 1 and p, therefore the only subgroups of G are {e} and G itself. Take any a not equal e. Then the set of all integer powers of a is by definition a cyclic subgroup of G, but the only subgroup of G with more then 1 element is G itself, therefore G is cyclic. QED.