There are different rules for different operations.
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There are many. There are those that deal with the four basic binary operations, then there are rules governing exponents and logarithms.
The set of real numbers is closed under addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division (except that you cannot divide by zero). By closed, this means that if the two numbers in the operation are both real numbers, the result of the operation will always be a real number. Dividing by zero is undefined (for all practical purposes)
There are infinitely many operations. Any rule that takes one or more real numbers as input and outputs one or more real numbers is an operation involving real numbers. So addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, squaring, doubling, cube-rooting, trigonometric functions, multiplying a real vector by a matrix of the appropriate size, are all examples.
Complex numbers extend the concept of real numbers by introducing an imaginary unit, denoted as "i." Real numbers can be considered a subset of complex numbers with the imaginary part equal to zero. Complex numbers include both a real and imaginary component, allowing for operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.