This is a "least common multiple (LCM)" question in disguise.
The prime factors of 16 are 2, 2, 2 and 2
The prime factors of 12 are 2, 2, and 3
The prime factors of 9 are 3 and 3
The prime factors of 10 are 2 and 5
So, the least common multiple (and any multiple) will have to have factors of
* four 2s * two 3s * one 5
(2 x 2 x 2 x 2) x (3 x 3) x 5 = 16 x 9 x 5 = 720
To prove our findings
* 720 ÷ 16 = 45 * 720 ÷ 12 = 60 * 720 ÷ 9 = 80 * 720 ÷ 10 = 72
These numbers will also evenly divide into any multiple of 720, such as 1,440, 2,160, 2,880 etc.
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The first number that 12 and 16 go into is 48.
2 8/2 = 4 10/2 = 5 12/2 = 6
3 with 10 remaining 58 - 10 = 48 = 16 + 16 + 16
12
60, remainder 12