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The secant modulus is the total stress or strain on an object as described by a stress-strain graph. The tangent modulus is the marginal strain.
the plane- strain conditions in civil engineering is that state in which the strain in one direction is zero as in long retaining walls, strip foundations, ...etc.
Strain = Extension (m) / Original length (m)
it has no dimension
Use the formula Strain=Extension/original length and rearrange to give Original length=Extension/Strain. Substitute the values you have for the strain and the extended length into the equation and voila! Source: Doing A-level (senior high-school in America) Maths and Physics.
The strain gauge readings on opposite sides of a section will typically be opposite in sign, indicating that one side is under tension while the other side is under compression. This relationship is due to the strain being measured as a result of the material stretching or compressing when subjected to external forces.
The opposite of tension is relaxation. When you are relaxed, your body and mind are free from stress and strain.
The three types of strain are tensile strain, compressive strain, and shear strain. Tensile strain occurs when an object is stretched, compressive strain occurs when an object is compressed, and shear strain occurs when two parts of an object slide past each other in opposite directions.
"Torsional strain" is the strain induced by applying torque. Basically, it is the strain imposed on a body by twisting it. (Such as the strain that a bolt endures when you use a wrench on it.)
Compact section is a section in which individual plate elements can develop and sustain yield stress for large value of strain before local buckling occurs.
When a spiral spring is stretched by a force, it experiences tensile strain. Tensile strain occurs when an object is stretched or pulled in opposite directions, causing the material to elongate. This type of strain is defined as the change in length per unit original length of the material.
Simple shear strain involves deformation by parallel sliding of fabric layers in opposite directions, resulting in stretching and compressing of the material. Pure shear strain occurs when fabric layers are displaced in opposite directions, causing the material to deform by shear without any change in volume. In simple shear, there is both shearing and stretching/compressing, while in pure shear, only shearing occurs.
When some materials are squashed,stretched,twisted or bent they exert force which acts in the opposite direction to the force acting on them.
Hook-up is described as a connection to a state of grace or powerful and nourishing life force. It is the opposite of strain or effort.
Examples of longitudinal strain include stretching a rubber band lengthwise, compressing a spring along its axis, or pulling a piece of taffy in opposite directions.
Merits: Strain gauges are highly sensitive and accurate in measuring very small changes in strain, making them suitable for precision applications. They are also versatile and can be easily attached to various materials for measuring strain in different environments. Demerits: Strain gauges can be affected by temperature variations, leading to inaccurate readings if not properly compensated for. They also require careful installation to ensure accurate measurements, which can be time-consuming and labor-intensive. Additionally, they can be prone to fatigue and need to be periodically checked and recalibrated.
From the Hooke law, stress s is proportional to strain e; s = Ee where E is elastic modulus of the material; the stress is the bending stress which varies from plus on one surface to minus on the opposite surface.