Zero error of an instrument refers to a condition where the instrument does not read zero when it should. This can occur due to miscalibration, physical damage, or wear and tear, leading to inaccurate measurements. It can result in systematic errors in readings, affecting the reliability of the data collected. To ensure precision, it’s essential to identify and correct zero errors before taking measurements.
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Zero error is defined as the condition where a measuring instrument registers a reading when there should not be any reading. In case of Vernier calipers it occurs when a zero on main scale does not coincide with a zero on Vernier scale. Source: calculatored and written by Shaun Murphy
Improper calibration of the measuring instrument. If the measuring instrument is not at zero prior to measuring the object you will get a systematic error which, is a value either always higher or always lower then the actual value of the object.
A zero error is the reading that an instrument gives when it is measuring nothing. It can also appear as a constant error in all measurements. For example, you cannot measure accurately from the end of a ruler because there is a little bit that sticks out beyond the zero point. Kitchen scales usually need to be zero-ed before use. My car's speedometer does not go below 5 mph so even when parked, the instrument says I'm moving!
Wire strain gauges are an example for a zero order instrument.
Take a measurement with nothing in the gauge. That reading is the zero-error.