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Improper calibration of the measuring instrument. If the measuring instrument is not at zero prior to measuring the object you will get a systematic error which, is a value either always higher or always lower then the actual value of the object.
Zero error is defined as the condition where a measuring instrument registers a reading when there should not be any reading. In case of Vernier calipers it occurs when a zero on main scale does not coincide with a zero on Vernier scale. Source: calculatored and written by Shaun Murphy
A zero error is the reading that an instrument gives when it is measuring nothing. It can also appear as a constant error in all measurements. For example, you cannot measure accurately from the end of a ruler because there is a little bit that sticks out beyond the zero point. Kitchen scales usually need to be zero-ed before use. My car's speedometer does not go below 5 mph so even when parked, the instrument says I'm moving!
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Ah, measuring zero error in a spherometer is like laying down a gentle foundation for your beautiful painting. It ensures that your measurements are accurate and true, allowing you to create a precise and balanced image of the surface you are studying. Just like adding a touch of titanium white to your palette, measuring zero error gives you a clear starting point to work from, guiding you towards a masterpiece of accuracy and detail.