that would be an omlaut (oooom-lau as i call it) anyway it's mainly used in Scandinavian and germanic names to give proper emphasis to a letter. I think it makes it a long a.. I am not sure but, it does note stres and pronunciation.
^_^
hopefully that helps
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The dots over i and j are called tittles. This is what wikipedia says:The tittle first appeared in Latin manuscripts in the 11th century, to distinguish the letter i from strokes of nearby letters. Although originally a larger mark, it was reduced to a dot when Roman-style typefaces were introduced.The 'u' or 'j' with two dots over are used in some languages,hungarian, Portuguese, to represent a different vowel sound to the English sound.I think they represent a vowel that is more 'fronted' than the English vowel.
Umlauts
it has adkdgbsgbsd'g SD
To get two dots over a "U" on a Mac, hold down the Option key and then press the U key. This will create the umlaut (¨) symbol. Next, release both keys and type the letter "U" to produce "Ü." Alternatively, you can use the Character Viewer by pressing Control + Command + Space, searching for "Umlaut," and selecting "Ü" from the list.
The letter "ä" with two dots over it is called an umlaut, commonly found in German and other languages. It modifies the pronunciation of the vowel, changing the sound to a more fronted articulation. In German, for example, "ä" is pronounced similarly to the English "e" in "bet." Umlauts can also appear in other languages, serving various phonetic and sometimes grammatical purposes.