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An Ellicott pendulum is a temperature compensated clock pendulum. The metal rod of a pendulum changes its length with temperature. The consequence is, that a colder pendulum swings faster (the rod is shorter) and a warm pendulum swings slower (longer rod). The Ellicott pendulum compensates this temperature error of the pendulum. It consists of a steele rod and two brass rods, wich are connectet in one point above the pendulum bob. Brass has a higher temperature coefficient than steele. On the free end of the three rods, a special lever mechanism, controlled by the lenght difference of the rods, lifts the pendulum bob up, when the length of the rods grows. The bob stays at its position and the period of the pendulum is without temperature influence.
See also http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ellicott_pendulum.png
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What does grandfather clock uses to measure time?
The Pendulum.
What instuments can be used to measure period of a pendulum?
You could use a stopwatch.
How do you measure time period of a pendulum if its length changes?
t = 2*pi*sqrt(L/g) where L is the length of the pendulum and g is the force of gravity.
Relationship between period of pendulum and length?
The longer a pendulum is, the more time it takes a pendulum takes to complete a period of time. If a clock is regulated by a pendulum and it runs fast, you can make it run slower by making the pendulum longer. Likewise, if the clock runs slow, you can make your clock run faster by making the pendulum shorter. (What a pendulum actually does is measure the ratio between time and gravity at a particular location, but that is beyond the scope of this answer.)
Why degree of amplitude of simple pendulum should not exceed 5?
wind resistance cannot be ignored in considering a simple pendulum. The wind resistance will be proportional to a higher power of the velocity of the pendulum. A small arc of the pendulum will lessen this effect. You could demonstrate this effect for yourself. A piece of paper attached to the pendulum will add to the wind resistance, and you can measure the period both with and without the paper.
