That is also sometimes caused "synergy". It is the idea that when you combine things, you sometimes get something "extra". For example, a living being consists of atoms, but in a way, a living being is more than a mere collection of atoms. Another example: many people working together can build big buildings, or pieces of technology, which are not possible to build by a single individual.
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Synergy, possibly.
Close. "The whole is more than the sum of its parts."
Often times the saying "the whole is greater than the sum of it's parts" is used to describe when it is believed that something has more value if it's separated into it's parts and sold separately than the whole thing. For example, sometimes large companies are believed to be worth more if they sold each division of the company separately rather than selling the whole company.
structuralist.
It is a saying to describe synergy. Mathematically, though, the whole is equal to the sum of the parts - not more nor less.