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Using a radical (square root) bar. I can't get one on the screen, but I'm sure you know what they look like. Example: fractional exponents can be rewritten in radical form: x2/3 means the cube root of (x2) ... write a radical with an index number 3 to show cube root and the quantity x2 is inside the radical. Any fractional exponent can be done the same way. The denominator of the fractional exponent becomes the index of the radical, but the numerator stays as a whole number exponent in the radical.
If an event is absolutely certain to happen is then we say the probability of it happening is 1.Complementary events are such that one of the events musthappen. Therefore the probability of one of a set of complementary events occurring is 1.For instance : The probability that a fair coin when tossed will come down showing heads is 1/2, and that it will show tails is also 1/2.The two events are complementary so the probability that the coin toss will result in either a heads or a tails is 1.Similarly, the probability that a die when rolled will show a number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 is 1 as all six events are complementary.
It's a little hard to show on here but if you have 5 x 2 and put that all under the same radical sign(square root sign) that will be it.
The punnet square gives the results as probable because is it similar to rolling dice. If you have a die with four sides, when you roll it, the chance is 1 out of 4 that a certain number will show. You could roll it 20 times and it COULD show the same number 20 times. But the probability is 1 in 4 each roll. The Punnet square is the same.
In terms of geology, Relative Age is the age of an object in relation to the ages of other objects. Layers of rock, called strata, show the order of events that took place in the past and Absolute Age is the numerical age of an object or event.