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You get total internal reflection. That is, the incident beam bounces off the interface back into the medium.

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Q: What happens when the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle?
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What happens to the light ray when the angle of incidence is greater than the angle of total reflection?

it is not the angle of total reflection, it is the critical angle. and when the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, total internal reflection takes place and as it is necessary for total internal reflection to take place that the ray must travel from denser to rarer medium so, when it occurs, the ray is reflected bach into the denser medium.


When the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle all light within the material is?

hte light is reflected


What happens to light that moves from glass to air when its angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle?

It does not move from glass to air but undergoes internal refraction. That is, it is refracted back into the glass at the interface.


Why is the angle of incidence greater than the angle of refraction based on the magic pencil activity?

The angle of incidence is greater.


Is the critical angle the same thing as the angle of incidence?

The critical angle is not the same thing as the angle of incidence. There is a reason the confusion. The critical angle is defined as the smallest angle of incidence which results in total internal reflection. Every plane wave incident on a flat surface has an angle of incidence. That can be any angle. When a wave travels from a dense medium to a less dense medium, there comes an angle of incidence where there is no transmission into the less dense medium. We say then that for an angle of incidence above the "critical angle" the result is total internal reflection. It is also true that with Snell's law, the critical angle is the particular angle of incidence which would result in a 90 degree angle of refraction.