A GRE raw Score is the number of questions you answered correctly.
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Yes.z = (raw score - mean)/standard error.Since the standard error is positive, z < 0 => (raw score - mean) < 0 => raw score < mean.
Yes.
The raw score is any value that is observed.
standard score
To compute a z-score for the Beery Visual-Motor Integration (VMI) test, first obtain the raw score from the test. Then, use the mean and standard deviation of the normative sample for the Beery VMI to calculate the z-score using the formula: ( z = \frac{(X - \mu)}{\sigma} ), where ( X ) is the raw score, ( \mu ) is the mean, and ( \sigma ) is the standard deviation. The resulting z-score indicates how many standard deviations the raw score is from the mean of the normative population.