In Photoshop for instance, it is used to shade an area of something. If you took a blank work area and dragged your gradient tool across it, you will see that it looks like a large shadow going from light to dark.
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(-1.5,0) (1.5,0) what is the gradient?
Draw a tangent to the curve at the point where you need the gradient and find the gradient of the line by using gradient = up divided by across
A positive gradient goes uphill from left to right A negative gradient goes downhill from left to right
If the gradient is a positive number the curve is increasing, and if the gradient is a negative number it is decreasing.
The relation is that gradient and slope are both angled lines.