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Accuracy in measurement and instrumentation refers to how close a measured value is to the true or known value. It is a measure of systematic error, which denotes how well the instrument or measurement device is calibrated and free from biases. The accuracy is usually expressed as a percentage of the measuring range or as a specified number of units.
They are in fact two different devices that are commonly mistaken. A "measuring stick" is a stick of a given length that is used to reference another object from it's total length. These usually have no markings as such, or any calibrated length. A "ruler" (aka straightedge) IS calibrated and has measurement markings. It is used to "rule" straight lines to an exacting measurement. Originally designed for the engineering industry, they have been useful in countless other areas throught history. A 2 second google search revealed this: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruler
To check the precision of an instrument its apparent measurement must be compared to a known measurement. The difference between the measured quantity divided by the known quantity is expressed as a % precision of the instrument, or calibration. Most instruments when being calibrated are tested against multiple known quantities throughout the range of the instrument. Thus the precision of the instrument is determined throughout it's full range of measurement.
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Measurement is considered reliable when it consistently produces stable and accurate results under the same conditions. This reliability can be achieved through the use of standardized procedures, calibrated instruments, and repeated trials to minimize random errors. Additionally, a high degree of internal consistency among different measurement items or indicators strengthens reliability. Ultimately, reliable measurements ensure that the results can be trusted and replicated in future assessments.