The independent variable is the thing you change, the dependent variable is the variable that changes because of the independent variable, it could also be referred to as the effect, and the control group is the constant, the thing that stays the same and the variable that you compare your results to.
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It depends on what you are looking at. If you want to look at changes in variable Y when a variable X is changed, then X is the independent variable and Y is the dependent. But if you want to look at changes in X which accompany changes in Y, then Y is the independent variable and X is the dependent.
An independent variable is the variable that the scientist changes, and the dependent variables are the variables that the scientist doesn't control. So that would mean that the independent variable is typically the variable being manipulated or changed and the dependent variable is the observed result of the independent variable being manipulated. The independent variable in a science experiment is the variable that you change on purpose. The independent variable is the variable that scientists manipulate in an experiment in order to determine its effect on a dependent variable. For example, if you wanted to see what affected frog deformities, you would set up an experiment where you would have frogs placed in the same environments as each other, except for one variable (independent) that is different. Let's say the control group gets exposed to all the same food, temperature, length of daylight, population density, etc., as the experimental group. The experimental group has the amount of UV exposure varied. The UV exposure (independent variable) would be used to determine its effects on frog deformities (dependent variable).
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It's what you change to do your experiment. Say your doing an experiment like my friend Kristen Maxine Rogers is doing: Does air temperature affect how long soap bubbles last, her independent variable would be the different temperatures.
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