The outcome that is the top number on a fraction.
e.g. The multiples of 3 are 3 and 6 = there are 2 favourable outcomes.
Probability ( multiple of 3 ) + 2/6 = two favourable outcomes/six possible outcomes
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Favourable outcomes in a series of trials are those where the outcome is what you are looking for. The word "favourable" has positive connotations in normal usage but that should not be applied here. For example, if I am studying the spread of a fatal infectious diseases, the event that would be looking for is that someone gets infected. In all likelihood, no one will consider that to be favourable in the normal sense! The probability of an event is the ratio of the favourable outcomes to the total number of trials.
A favorable outcome refers to a specific result that is considered desirable or advantageous in a given situation. On the other hand, a possible outcome is any potential result that could occur, regardless of desirability. In probability theory, the likelihood of a favorable outcome is often calculated by dividing the number of favorable outcomes by the total number of possible outcomes.
If you can enumerate the outcome space into equally likely events, then it is the number of outcomes that are favourable (in which the event occurs) divided by the total number of outcomes.
This is just the outcome you are looking for. For example if you have 5 students who like hockey, 2 that like basketball, and 3 that like baseball. You then decide...I want to know if I draw a student's name from a hat, who would like...baseball... then... Favourable outcome / possible outcome. In this case it would be baseball/all sports. 3/10. Hope this helps.
The answer depends on the situation. In baseball, when the catcher signals the pitcher with finger signals, he is concealing his communication from the other team. That is not unethical. Without such justification, the answer seems to be yes.