If measurements are taken for two (or more) variable for a sample , then the correlation between the variables are the sample correlation. If the sample is representative then the sample correlation will be a good estimate of the true population correlation.
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There is no such term. The regression (or correlation) coefficient changes as the sample size increases - towards its "true" value. There is no measure of association that is independent of sample size.
That's a question that can only really be answered via a study. Take a random sample of people (from your school for example) and plot their weight against their average daily walking distance (you may have to make your subjects carry a pedometer during the study period). Do you see a negative relationship on the graph?As a second step, calculate the correlation coefficient. As negative correlation gets stronger the correlation coefficient will get closer to -1.
Evidence that there is no correlation.
They can be positive correlation, negative correlation or no correlation depending on 'line of best fit'
Yes it can be a correlation coefficient.