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alternitive hypothesis
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The alternativehypothesis (Ha or H1) describes the population parameters that the sample data represent, if the predicted relationship exists. It is always the hypothesis of difference. That is as opposed to the null hypothesis (H0) that describes the population parameters that the sample data represent if the predicted relationship does not exist. See Basic Statistics of the Behavioral Sciences by Heiman.
It is an assumption to hypothesis testing. I can not comment on the significance of a violation of these assumptions without knowing how the non-random sample was taken.
It depends on whether the hypothesis concerns the mean or the standard error (or variance) or something else.