The sides of a parallelogram do not have a specific name, like a rectangle, a rhombus, or just about any other polygon. However, we do know that both sides of the parallelo-grams are congruent.
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The side of a triangle or parallelogram used to help find area is called the base. Area is base times height in a parallelogram. In a triangle, it is 1/2 times base times height.
Assuming that you are asking about the formula for the AREA of a parallelogram (there is no formula for a parallelogram), A = bh where A is the "area", b is the length of any side (called a "base"), and h is the "height" measured perpendicular from that base to the opposite side.
Not necessarily. Usually only the opposite side are of equal length. If all 4 sides are of the same length, the parallelogram is [also] called a rhombus.
A straight line of finite length can be a side in a parallelogram.
The perimeter of a parallelogram is the distance around the outside of the parallelogram. A parallelogram has four sides with opposite sides being congruent. The formula for finding the perimeter is Side A + Side B + Side A + Side B. This could also be stated as 2*Side A + 2*Side B or 2*(Side A + Side B).