An absolute constant is a constant which maintains the same value wherever it occurs, such as pi.
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An absolute term is the constant in a polynomial expression.
I suppose you mean the formula for the variation in pressure. The simplest expression of this is, at a fixed temperature,and for a given mass of gas, pressure x volume = constant. This is known as Boyle's Law. If the temperature is changing, then we get two relations: 1. If the pressure is fixed, volume = constant x temperature (absolute) 2. If the volume is fixed, pressure = constant x temperature (absolute) These can be combined into the ideal gas equation Pressure x Volume = constant x Temperature (absolute), or PV = RT where R = the molar gas constant. (Absolute temperature means degrees kelvin, where zero is -273 celsius)
The volume will increase in proportion to the increase in absolute temperature.
Kelvin has the advantage that it is an absolute temperature scale - it starts from absolute zero. This simplifies several calculations; for example, in an ideal gas, at constant pressure, the volume of the gas is proportional to the absolute temperature. Similarly, calculations related to heat machines are simpler if an absolute temperature scale is used.
If the absolute value inequality is of the form where the absolute value of the difference between a variable (X) and some constant (a) is compared to another constant (b) eg |X - a| compared with b, then if the comparison is < or ≤, the compound inequality is a double inequality of the form c < X < d (or ≤), and if the comparison is > or ≥, the compound inequality is a disjoint inequality of the form X < c or X > d (or including the equals). In both cases, c = b - a, d = b + a (>c)