The basic ones are: sine, cosine, tangent, cosecant, secant, cotangent; Less common ones are: arcsine, arccosine, arctangent, arccosecant, arcsecant, arccotangent; hyperbolic sine, hyperbolic cosine, hyperbolic tangent, hyperbolic cosecant, hyperbolic secant, hyperbolic cotangent; hyperbolic arcsine, hyperbolic arccosine, hyperbolic arctangent, hyperbolic arccosecant, hyperbolic arcsecant, hyperbolic arccotangent.
An inverse operation undoes it's composite operation. For example, Addition and Subtraction are inverses of each other, as are Multiplication and Division, as are Exponentiation and Logarithms, as are Sine and ArcSine, Cosine and ArcCosine, Tangent and ArcTangent, Secant and ArcSecant, Cosecant and ArcCosecant, and Cotangent and ArcCotangent
Not so sure about a triangel! There are, in fact 12 trigonometric functions: sine, cosine, tangent; their reciprocals, cosecant, secant and cotangent; and the inverse functions for all six: arcsine, arccosine, arctangent, arccosecant, arcsecant and accotangent. The arc functions are often written with the power -1; that is, arcsin(y) = sin-1(y).
Since you didn't specify which trigonometric function you're using, I'll give you all of them.120 in Degreessin120 ~ 0.87cos120 ~ -0.5tan120 ~ -1.73csc120 ~ 1.15sec120 = -2cot120 ~ -0.58Answer in Degreesarctan120 ~ 89.52arccot120 ~ 0.48120 in Radianssin120 ~ 0.58cos120 ~ 0.81tan120 ~ 0.71csc120 ~ 1.72sec120 ~ 1.23cot120 ~ 1.4Answer in Radiansarctan120 ~ 1.56arccot120 ~ 0.008