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Permutit, also known as zeolite or molecular sieve, refers to a type of synthetic crystalline material used primarily for water softening and purification. It functions by exchanging sodium ions for calcium and magnesium ions in hard water, effectively reducing its hardness. Additionally, permutit is utilized in various industrial applications, including gas and liquid separation, due to its ability to selectively adsorb certain molecules.

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What is the molecular formula of permutit?

The molecular formula of permutit is Na2O·Al2O3·nSiO2·xH2O, where n and x represent variable numbers depending on the specific composition of the permutit material.


What is permutit process?

The permutit process is a water softening method that uses a synthetic resin called permutit to remove hardness minerals like calcium and magnesium from water. In this process, the resin exchanges sodium ions for the hardness ions, resulting in softened water that is more suitable for various industrial and domestic uses.


What are the raw materials required to prepare permutit?

Permutit is an inorganic salt that has the formula Na2Al2Si2O8.xH2O. Raw material is the basic material that makes permutit, which includes sodium, aluminium, silicon, and oxygen.


Distinguish between the zeolite process and the permutit process?

The zeolite process uses zeolite minerals to exchange ions in water softening, whereas the permutit process uses synthetic ion-exchange resins. Zeolite is a natural material, while permutit is a manufactured synthetic resin. Both processes work by exchanging calcium and magnesium ions in hard water with sodium ions to soften the water.


How does the permutit process work?

permutit is a process of reducing of temporary and permanent hardness of water .The naturally occuring is called zeolite. permtit is artificial compound.when hardawater is passed through zeolite the calcium and magnesium salts reacts with sodium zeolite and forms calcium and magnesium zeolites.


What is permutit process for the purification of water?

The naturally occuring (Na2Al2si2o8 xH2o) is called zeolite. permtit is artificial compound. when hardwater is passed through zeolite the calcium and magnesium salts reacts with sodium zeolite and forms calcium and magnesium zeolites. Na2z+Cacl2-> Caz 2Nacl Mgz+2Nacl->Na2z+mgcl2


What do you understand by permuitit how is exhausted zeolite regenrated?

"Permutit" generally refers to a type of synthetic zeolite used for ion exchange in water treatment. Zeolite exhaustion occurs when the zeolite is unable to exchange ions effectively anymore. To regenerate exhausted zeolite, it is typically washed with a salt solution to displace the unwanted ions and restore its ion exchange capacity.


How can hard water be softened?

By the addition of washing soda (sodium carbonate)Calcium and magnesium ions present in hard water react with sodium carbonate to produce insoluble carbonates. The water now contains soluble and harmless sodium salts.Calgon processCalgon is a trade name of a complex salt, sodium hexametaphosphate (NaPO3)6. It is used for softening hard water. Calgon ionizes to give a complex anion:The addition of Calgon to hard water causes the calcium and magnesium ions of hard water to displace sodium ions from the anion of Calgon.This results in the removal of calcium and magnesium ions from hard water in the form of a complex with Calgon. The water is softened and sodium ions are released into water.By the ion-exchange process (Permutit process)Permutit or sodium aluminum silicate is a complex chemical compound, which occurs as a natural mineral called Zeolite. Permutit or zeolites are insoluble in water and have the property of exchanging ions present in them with the ions present in the solution. Permutit or zeolites are packed in a suitable container and a slow stream of hard water is passed through this material. As a result, calcium and magnesium ions present in hard water are exchanged with sodium ions in the permutit (Na+Al-Silicate). The outgoing water contains sodium salts, which do not cause hardness.


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