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The difference between an Euler circuit and an Euler path is in the execution of the process. The Euler path will begin and end at varied vertices while the Euler circuit uses all the edges of the graph at once.
Leonhard Euler (after whom it was named).Leonhard Euler (after whom it was named).Leonhard Euler (after whom it was named).Leonhard Euler (after whom it was named).
Euler made important discoveries in fields as diverse as infinitesimal calculus and graph theory. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a mathematical function. He is also renowned for his work in mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, and astronomy. While I believe the preceding paragraph to be easy to understand, most of Euler's work is not.
Euler's dilemma is based on the seven bridges of Konigsberg. The question was could one start at one point and return there having cross each bridge once and only once. The answer, as Euler proved, was No. This question has important consequences for graph theory and, later, for topology. A popular version of the dilemma was to draw figures without lifting pen from paper. For more on the Bridges of Konigsberg, see the attached link.
The definition of an Eulerian path is a path in a graph which visits each edge exactly once. Intuitively, think of tracing the path with a pencil without lifting the pencil's edge from the page. One definition of an Eulerian graph is that every vertex has an even degree. You can check this by counting the degrees. Please see the related link for details.