The diameter is the measurement of a line that goes right through a circle, through the centre point. In cases where we have a ring or some other such object with multiple circles, we would have an external diameter and an internal diameter. The internal diameter is the diameter of the inner circle. The external diameter is the diameter of the outer circle.
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A standard CD:- 15mm Internal diameter, 120mm external diameter, 1.1 mm thick A mini CD:- 15mm Internal diameter, 80mm external diameter, 1.1 mm thick
Subtract 50cm from external diameter.
If it is a diameter then you must be in a cylinder or domed room. To get the thickness take the external and subtract the internal then divide the result in half.
To get the accuracy or to get the relative deviation.
Assuming it is a rod, the difficulty lies in that it can't measure the diameter of the beaker. Unless you were to attempt to find out the Radius/Diameter, then work out the circumference from that.