Lenz's law states that 'for a current induced in a conductor by a changing magnetic field, the current is in such a direction that its own magnetic field opposes the change that produced it.'
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It is a method of proving a statement for all values of a variable - usually for all integers. Often, the process is as follows: Prove the statement for n = 1 Assume that the statement is true for n = k and prove that, in that case, it must be true for n = k+1. Invoke the law of induction to assert that it is true for all [integer] values of n.
No, the problem of induction is too circular to be solved. Read some Thomas s. Kuhn or Karl Popper.
Neither. It is an IDENTITY.
False. Induction is a method of reasoning used to form general conclusions based on specific observations or examples, not just mathematical formulas. In mathematics, mathematical induction is a specific technique used to prove statements about natural numbers, but the broader concept of induction applies to forming general ideas from empirical evidence across various fields.
The same way you prove anything else. You need to be clear on what you have and what you want. You can prove it directly, by contradiction, or by induction. If you have an object which is idempotent (x = xx), you will need to use whatever definitions and theorems which apply to that object, according to what set it belongs to.