What is meant by horizontal and vertical conflicts?

Answer 1

Horizontal conflicts occur between entities at the same level in a distribution channel, such as competition between retailers or distributors. These conflicts can arise due to issues like pricing strategies or market share disputes. Vertical conflicts, on the other hand, happen between different levels of the supply chain, such as manufacturers and wholesalers or retailers, often stemming from disagreements over pricing, marketing strategies, or distribution practices. Both types of conflicts can impact overall efficiency and effectiveness in the marketing and distribution of products.