It is movement in the vertical direction. In 2-dimensional analytical geometry, it is the distance in the direction parallel to the y-axis.
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Rise over run, generally change in y-coordinates divided by change in x-coordinates.
One main characteristic of non-Euclidean geometry is hyperbolic geometry. The other is elliptic geometry. Non-Euclidean geometry is still closely related to Euclidean geometry.
Euclidean geometry is the traditional geometry: it is the geometry of a plane surface, as developed by Euclid. Among other things, it is based on Euclid's parallel postulate which said (in effect) that given a line and a point outside that line there could only be one line through that point that was parallel to the given line. It has since been discovered that both alternatives to that postulate - that there are many such lines possible and that there are none - give rise to consistent geometries. These are non-Euclidean geometries.
molecular geometry is bent, electron geometry is tetrahedral
Molecular geometry will be bent, electron geometry will be trigonal planar