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How did India invent that number system?
India did not invent the number system. Indian mathematicians introduced the concept of zero. This was a key development that led to our number system which is based on place-values.
Which impire developed the concept of zero?
Gupta mathematicians developed the concept of zero in the use of math, and also developed the decimal system based on the number 10. They also created a number writing system that was later adopted by the Islamic Empire. This system became known as Arabic Numerals, but is really a Gupta achievement.
Why don't you use roman numerals now?
Because the Romans didn't understand the concept of the number "Zero". If there is nothing, then why bother writing it down? The Arabs, whose sumeric system we use, were very advanced in math and came up with the concept that the number zero can be used in equations and calculations. So we use that system instead of the Roman system. ...that and the Romans didn't have decimals.
Who invented number 10?
There is no one person who invented the number 10. Each society, when it started, had its own number system, so it is hard to tell who came up with the number and concept of 10 first.
In your society would a number system that uses only counting numbers be practical?
A society that cannot compute fractions and has no concept of "zero" is at an instant disadvantage compared to one that can and does.
