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What is the term which means to change speed?
Acceleration or deceleration
Is deceleration and retardation same?
"Deceleration" is a decrease in speed, however you are still going in the SAME direction so it is POSITIVE. "Retardation" is going in the OPPOSITE direction, therefore it is NEGATIVE.
How do you measure or calculate deceleration during a collision?
In a controlled test condition (like crash tests on cars) an accelerometer is used to measure the rate of deceleration. It should be possible to estimate the deceleration following a collision if the speed of the vehicles at the moment of the collision is known. We could do this by measuring the amount the car was crushed/dented during the collision. We know the vehicle decelerated from its starting speed over this distance so we can estimate the average deceleration. I believe there are more sophisticated techniques used by accident investigators. As an aside, in strict physics terminology, slowing down (as well as any other change in velocity) is acceleration, not deceleration however deceleration is often used to imply a reduction in speed in every day English. If you want to get into this further have a look at "Are speed and velocity the same?" and remember that acceleration is also a vector.
What does a flat line represent on a speed time graph?
Motion at a constant speed - no acceleration or deceleration.
Is it true that a negative acceleration always means that a moving object is decelerating?
Yes. That is what the term deceleration means.
