It is not so much an equation, as a function. Since the definition is fairly complicated, I suggest you visit the Wikipedia page: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_zeta_function
... or do additional Web searches either for "Riemann hypothesis" or "Riemann zeta function".
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No
Several mathematicians have addressed the Riemann hypothesis, but none of their attempts have yet been accepted as correct solutions.
Because even though a lot of people have worked on it, none of them has been able to either prove it or disprove it yet.
de Moirve's theorem, Pascal's triangle, Pythagoras triangle, Riemann hypothesis, Fermat's last theorem. and many more
Oh, dude, the hardest math problem known? That's like asking me to pick the best flavor of ice cream - impossible! But if you want a tough one, check out the Riemann Hypothesis. It's been boggling mathematicians' minds for centuries. Good luck with that brain workout!