The circuit for a standard DC motor controller has two wires going to the armature and two wires going to the field. The encoder is typically wired to the controller be it a plc or some type of drive control. the diagram will differ somewhat from installation to installation therefore this question does not have a specific answer.
No, it is not an optical illusion.
optical path = μ x geometricalpath
Optical color is when the eye creates a mixed color rather than the actual pigments. We see the use of optical color in Chuck Close's works. Arbitrary colors are colors that don't relate to any correct local, perceptual, or optical color mixed.
Barcodes are read by optical devices.
Yes
yes
An absolute optical encoder is a type of rotary encoder. The optical disk is designed to produce a digital word which distinguishes N distinct positions of the shaft. Common types of numerical encoding used in the absolute encoder include gray and binary codes. http://www.motioncontrolguide.com/learn/guides/encoders-guide/
This could be called an optical fiber diagram.
28 = 256, so an 8 bit encoder would have a resolution of one part in 256, or 0.39%.
A rotary encoder consists of three main parts: light source, optical encoder disc and light sensors. The light source provides the light source to several light sensors. There is an optical encoder disc that selectively blocks light from light source to light sensor. If the light sensor is receiving light, it is first state of electronic circuit. If the light from light source to the sensor is blocked by optical encoder, then sensor is not receiving light and this is second state of sensor output. Therefore, each sensor has two ouputs possible, high or low. Output from one sensor is called a "bit" so for 4 sensors, it is 4 bit output. The light encoder disc is a plastic disc with some area opaque and other areas transparent. Depending upon its rotating position, it passes light to some sensors and blocks light to other remaining sensors. The combination of states of multiple light sensors at a given time due to a certain rotary position of rotary encoder disc is the multi-bit output of that rotary encoder. This multi-bit logic output is used to sense the position, direction of rotation and rotating speed of the rotary encoder. You can read more about rotary encoders at the links given.
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An optical switch is a switch that enables signals in circuits to be switched from one circuit to another.
A spot diagram in optical design is used to analyze and visualize how well a lens or optical system focuses light. It helps designers understand and improve the performance of the system by showing the distribution and quality of the focused light spot.
The optical signal processing is one of the application of the half subtractor circuit. Binary numbers is another application.
Purpose: An optocoupler (or optical isolator) uses optics to isolate one circuit from another. The diode in the optical isolator is similar to an LED. The light from this LED controls the gate or base of a transistor. A diode has two terminals, an optocouple will have at least 4. A diode is used to control current flow direction; an optocoupler main purpose is to isolate one circuit from another. etc. etc.
Bradley L. Kessler has written: 'Optical closed-loop flight control demonstration' -- subject(s): Fly by wire control, Flight control, Electro-optics, Fly by light control, Optical control, Flight tests
Phased array sensors (PAS) for optical encoders are common in standard encoder in order to avoid reticles to match the code disk. Array of photodiodes are organised to recognize the disk ticks and make A and B channels. More information on Micropto web site. Typically phased array sensor (PAS) are monolithic silicon microchips with electronics to amplify the low signals from the photodiodes. Dimension of array on PAS is the limit of the resolution disk, each disk need a specific PAS pitch. Optical encoders adopt PAS or other sensors (phototransistors arrays, monolithics, ASIC, ...) to recognize the position and the speed of the motors in motion control.