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positive powers of ten are standard form, this is when large numbers are simplified to make math easier e.g 100000000 is 1x10^9
That means that powers are used in which the base is 10. It is also implied that the exponent is an integer.
In Math, a base is the number of numbers used to describe the mathematical system. For example, a base 2 system is called binary and uses 0 and 1; a base 10 system is a decimal system, and uses the current standard of ten numbers ranged from 0 to 10.
999 = 9*103 + 9*102 + 9
Base ten is the normal base used by everyone. With base ten, you can count from one to eternity without thinking much because base ten is commonly used. Note that additions and subtractions in base ten rounds of any summation that equals ten to 1 unlike in other bases that rely on the type of base. e.g 421 + 699 = 1120 in base ten