volume or temperature
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The Temperature is the Independent Variable (50 degrees, 100 Degrees etc.) Whatever happens as a result of the temperature change is the dependent variable.
A dependent variable depends on the independent variable. If you are doing an experiment about how temperature affects the heat of water then the independent variable would be the temperature, as that is what you are going to change, and the dependent variable the water as the temperature of the water depends on the temperature surrounding it.
Dependent variable: growth of crystals Independent variable: temperature.
No. It depends on the context. If you are studying solar gain in a building then the room temperature is a dependent variable. If you are studying the effects of diseases, the body temp is a dependent variable.
Independent variable is time; dependent variable is temperature.