They are the same thing. They cut a specimen across rather than lengthwise or some other way.
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A cylinder has a circular cross section, a square prism has a square cross section.
There is no difference in the sense that the volume for either is the length times the area of cross-section.
Prisms have a uniform cross-section - a side of it is repeated throughout the shape.
No, a rectangular prism's cross-section will always have between 1 and 4 (inclusive) straight lines only.
A cylinder has a circular cross section that is parallel to its base.