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density = mass/volume
Gradient= change in field value divided by the distance
Efficiency = Output value / Input valueFor example, if a machine needs 10 KW to run and produces 8 KW, its power efficiency is 8/10 = 0.8 or 80%Efficiency is always between 0 and 1 (or 0 and 100 if expressed as a percentage.)
Area=Length x width or A= L x W
No. It is an estimated equation that defines the best linear relationship between two variables (or their transforms). If the two variables, x and y were the coordinates of a circle, for example, any method for calculating the regression equation would fail hopelessly.