It's the little figure ' 2 ' attached as the 'exponent' of a number or variable, like 172 or x2 .
Here's what it looks like in both directions:
√72 = x
x2 = 72
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The symbol for a a square root sign is: √
The only thing that a square root symbol does is that it symbolises an operation (taking the square root) of whatever is under the sign.
9 is the square ROOT of 81. Calculating a square root is the inverse operation of squaring a number.
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